Solution for PKS ORA-00001: unique constraint (TESTING.XAK1TREATMENT) violated In PKS versions 3.0 and earlier, this error can occur when a study is created that has multiple Treatment Descriptions for a single Treatment ID. For example, if Treatment A is associated with Treatment Descriptions IV, subcutaneous, and oral, this error would occur. In PKS versions 3.0 and earlier, each Treatment ID must have one unique treatment description. One way to work around the issue would be to map the different descriptions as Observations instead of as Treatment Description. Please note that, an enhancement has been added to PKS 3.1 to allow multiple Treatment Descriptions for a given Treatment ID.